医护英语阅读：竭尽所能

更多具体读者：

照护法文读者：复苏术 照护法文读者：术前评估 中医法文读者：口服吸收 照护法文读者：拐杖载客 照护法文读者：ICU最新 照护法文读者：灌肠通则 照护法文读者：鼻饲给药通则 照护法文读者：用药给药 世界性护士协会护士职业道德准则 中医法文读者：非传统性突变 中医法文读者：康复中医 中医法文读者：多基因突变 中医法文读者：手术期间的管理 中医法文读者：查房准备 中医法文读者：心脏病史 中医法文读者：医疗记录下来回顾 中医法文读者：病史 药品说明书：异烟肼 中医法文读者：解剖部位 中医法文读者：口服吸收Resuscitation 复苏术 Assessment 评估 Assess the client's unresponsiveness by shaking the client and shouting, "Are you OK?" 飘用药或呼叫用药，评估用药反应以持续性。 Implementation 全面实施 1. Activate the emergency medical services according to hospital policy and procedure 根据医院规定和操作程序起动急诊用药。 2. Observe for chest movement; listen and feel for breaths. 观察腰部有无运动，听、感觉用药换气。 3. If client is breathing and no trauma is present, place client in the recovery position. 如用药有换气、无小腿，将用药置于恢复位。 4. If no respirations are detected, call for assistance. 如无换气，寻求协助。 5. Place victim on hard surface, such as floor or ground, or use the backboard found on the resuscitation cart or the headboard of the hospital bed. If the client must be moved to the supine position, use the log-rolling technique to maintain spinal integrity. 将患者置于硬面有，如墙壁或地面，或换用照护人员上的凹槽或养老院床头板。如需将用药移至仰卧位，可换用滚木手通则以保有腹腔基本。 6. Correctly position for resuscitative efforts. 复苏时无论如何： A. One-person rescue: face client while kneeling parallel to the client's sternum. 单人救难：一个中心用药，跪膝与用药骨盆平不依。 B. Two-person rescue: one person faces client while kneeling parallel to the client's head. Second person is on the opposite side parallel to the client's sternum. 双人救难：时则一个中心用药，跪膝与用药腰部平不依；时则于用药另一侧，与用药骨盆平不依。 7. Open the airway. 打开换气道 A. If no head or neck trauma is suspected, use the head-tilt, chin-lift method. 如无头世颈小腿，可换用侧头、抬头举颏通则。 B. If head or neck trauma is suspected, use the jaw-thrust maneuver only. Grasp angles of client's lower jaw and lift with both hands, displacing the mandible forward. 如疑有头或躯干小腿，只能换用双手托颌通则。双手抓住用药下巴尖，抬起，握住前额后仰。 8. Mouth-to-mouth artificial respirations: 头区县人工换气 A. Adult: a. Pinch client's nose with thumb and index finger and occlude mouth with rescuer's mouth or use CPR pocket mask. Attempt two slow breaths, 1 1/2 to 2 sec per breath. 用食指和食指捏住用药脸颊，受困者张头关上用药头唇，也可使用CPR袖珍面罩。先以两次极快换气，每换气1.2至2秒。 b. The rescuer should take a breath after each ventilation. 每次人工换气后受困者都应以吸一头气。 c. Allow the client to exhale between breaths. 两次换气间应以并不需要用药呼气。 d. Continue with 12 breaths per minute. 一直人工换气，每分钟12次。 B. Child （1 to 8 years of age）: 学龄前（1-8岁） a. Pinch the victim's nose tightly with thumb and forefinger. Place rescuer's mouth or CPR pocket mask over client's mouth, forming an airtight seal. Give two slow breaths, 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 用手指和食指捏紧患者脸颊。受困者用头或CPR袖珍面罩关上用药头唇，形成一个密闭换气道。先以两次极快换气，每次1-1,5秒钟。 b. Pause after the first breath to take a breath. 每一次换气后稍停，通气。 c. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 一直人工换气，每分钟20次。 C. Infant: 胎儿 a. Place the rescuer's mouth over the infant's nose and mouth, forming an airtight seal. 受困者头关上患儿鼻、头，形成一密闭换气道。 b. Give two breaths slowly at 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 不依两次极快换气，每换气1-1.5秒。 9. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 一直换气，每分钟20次。 10. Ambu bag artificial respirations: 医务人员类动物人式换气 All ages: 所有年龄 A. Connect oxygen supply tubing to Ambu bag and oxygen flowmeter. Adjust oxygen to 100% FiO2 or ordered rate. 将供氧管与医务人员类动物和流量计隔开，将氧气调节至100%吸氧浓度名次或规定反应以速度。 B. Insert oropharyngeal airway. 弹出头咽导胸腔。 C. Position the face mask of the Ambu bag over the client's mouth and nose. 将医务人员类动物面罩置于患儿头、鼻。 D. Give slow breaths by squeezing the bag. 捏拥挤医务人员类动物不依极快换气。 E. Allow time for client to exhale. 空出用药呼气时间。 11. If ventilation attempt is unsuccessful, reposition the client's head and reattempt rescue breathing again. If ventilation attempt remains unsuccessful, the airway may be obstructed by a foreign body that will need to be removed. 如人工勇气失败，重新抽置用药腰部，再次开始受困换气。如再次失败，换气道可能会有异物堵塞，需要掺入异物。 12. Suction secretions as needed or turn client's head to the side if no trauma is suspected. 必要时吸痰或将用药头横向一侧（如无损伤）。 13. Check for the presence of carotid pulse in and child or brachial pulse in infant. Feel for 3 to 5 sec. 核对跳动：及学龄前测颈动脉，胎儿测臂动脉。3-5秒。 14. If no pulse, initiate chest compressions. 如无跳动，不依胸外推杆通则。 A. Adult: Place heel of hands, one atop the other, on lower third of the sternum. Lock elbows and maintain shoulders in line with sternum. ：两手相叠，指尖摆抽第三骨盆不远处。双肘关节伸直双肩与骨盆对齐。 B. Child: Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum. 学龄前：将一指尖根摆抽下1/2骨盆不远处。 C. Infant: Place two or three fingers on the lower half of the sternum just below the level of the infant's nipples. 胎儿：将2-3根手指摆抽下1/2骨盆不远处，胎儿下方。 15. Compress chest downward to proper depth and then release. Maintain constant contact with skin. 向下推杆腰部至必需深度，抽松。始终保有与脸部保持联系。 A. Adult: 1 1/2 to 2 inches （ 4 to 5 cm） ：推杆时下陷1.5至2吋（4-5 cm） B. Child:1 to 1 1/2 inches （2.5 to 4 cm） 学龄前：推杆时下陷1至1.5吋（2.5-4 cm） C. Infant:1/2 to 1 inch （1 to 2.5 cm） 胎儿：推杆时下陷0.5-1吋（1-2.5 cm） 16. Maintain correct ratio proportionate to number of rescuers: 按受困人数保有无论如何反应以速度。 One rescuer: 15 compressions, 2 breaths 单人：2次换气推杆15下 Two rescuers: 5 compressions, 1 breath 双人：1次换气推杆5下 A. Adult: minimum of 80 to 100 compressions per min ：最少80-100次/分 B. Child: minimum of 100 compressions per min 学龄前：最少100次/分 C. Infant: minimum of 100 compressions per min 胎儿：最少100次/分 17. Continue artificial respiration. 一直人工换气 18. Monitor the adequacy of the compressions during two-rescuer CPR with palpation of the carotid （, child） or brachial （infant） pulse during compressions. 双人胸外推杆时扪摸颈动脉（或学龄前）或臂动脉（胎儿）受控推杆是否必需。 19. Continue CPR until the rescuer is relieved, client regains cardiopulmonary function independently, or physician directs that CPR be discontinued. 一直不依CPR，直到有人替换，或用药恢复自主心肺功能，或医生指示中止CPR。 20. Use Completion Protocol. 换用规范完成程序。 Identify Unexpected Outcomes and Nursing Interventions 确认意外结果与护理措施。 Record and Report 记录下来与报告 1. Onset of arrest. 停搏时间 2. Location. 部位 3. Actions taken. 采取的不依动 4. Client response. 用药反应以